Amy Wrzesniewski
V. Myers
L.M. Morgan

This exploratory study extends previous research by examining the relationship between both the amount of meaning (significance) and kinds of meaning (symbolism) individuals attribute to work and psychological well-being. We report findings from a study of 430 employed respondents in which we tested whether the significance of work in life and symbolic meanings of work are related cognitive and affective well-being. We find a direct relationship between symbolic meanings of work and well-being; those who view work as a calling (intrinsically rewarding and purposeful) report better psychological well-being, even after controlling for the significance of work in life. Findings also suggest that significance and symbolism of work moderate the relationship between stress and well-being such that well-being suffers under conditions of high stress and greater involvement with work.