Prof.
Nicholas Economides
Last Updated:
Current Position: Professor of Economics,
Past / Concurrent
Positions: Executive Director, NET
Institute, www.NETinst.org, December 2002
- . Visiting Professor,
Education
Ph.D. 1981, University of California,
Berkeley
M.A. 1979, University of California, Berkeley
B.Sc. 1976, London School of Economics. First Class Honors
Research Interests: Industrial Organization, Network Industries, Structure of Financial Markets, Law and Economics.
Teaching Experience: Network Economics and the "New Economy" for Executive MBAs, Ph.D. level Industrial Organization, Topics in Industrial Organization, Ph.D. level Microeconomic Theory, Strategic Interaction in Markets and Industries, Undergraduate Industrial Organization, Seminar in Industrial Organization, Ph.D. level Advanced Microeconomics, MBA Microeconomics, Seminar in Microeconomics, and The New Economy, Networks, and Digital Convergence.
Biographical Information: Married.
Papers are cross-listed in the following subject categories:
[N] = Network Economics
[F] = Finance
[L] =
Differentiated Products, Variety, Quality, and Location Theory
1.
[N] "Quantifying
the Benefits of Entry into Local Phone Service," Rand Journal
of Economics, (with Katja
Seim and V. Brian Viard)
(2008) vol. 39, no. 3, Autumn 2008 pp. 699-730.
2.
[N] "The Elusive Antitrust Standard on Bundling in Europe
and in the United States at the Aftermath of the Microsoft Cases,"
forthcoming, Antitrust Law Journal 75/3
(2009) (with Ioannis Lianos).
2.
[N] "Loyalty/Requirement Rebates and the AMC:
What is the Appropriate Liability Standard?/span>,"
forthcoming, Antitrust Bulletin
(2009).
3.
[N] "Antitrust
Issues in Network Industries," forthcoming, The Reform of EC Competition Law, Ioannis Kokkoris and Ioannis Lianos (eds.),
Kluwer (2008).
4.
[N]
"Net Neutrality, Non-Discrimination, and Digital Distribution of Content Through the Internet," I/S: A Journal of Law and
Policy for the Information Society vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 209-233 (2008).
5.
[N] "Patents
and Antitrust: Application to Adjacent Market," Journal on
Telecommunications & High Technology Law vol. 6, pp. 455-481 (2008)
(with William Hebert).
6.
[N] "Strategic
Commitments and the Principle of Reciprocity in Interconnection Pricing,"
(with Giuseppe Lopomo and Glenn Woroch), in
7.
[N] "Hit and Miss:
Leverage, Sacrifice, and Refusal to Deal and the Supreme Court Decision in Trinko,
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law vol. 10,
no.1, pp. 121-146 (2007).
8.
[N] "The
Economics of the Internet," in The
New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,
9.
[N] "Public
Policy in Network Industries," in Paolo Buccirossi (ed),
Handbook of Antitrust Economics,
10. [N]
"Two-sided
Competition of Proprietary vs. Open Source Technology Platforms and the
Implications for the Software Industry," Management Science
vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1057-1071 (July 2006) (with Evangelos Katsamakas).
11. [N]
"The
Internet and Network Economics," in Eric Brousseau and Nicolas Curien
(eds.) Internet and Digital Economics,
12. [N]
"Linux
vs. Windows: A Comparison of Application and Platform Innovation Incentives for
Open Source and Proprietary Software Platforms" (with Evangelos Katsamakas), in
Juergen Bitzer and Philip J.H. Schroeder (eds.) The
Economics of Open Source Software Development, Elsevier Publishers, 2006.
13. [N] "Competition
Policy in Network Industries: An Introduction," in Dennis Jansen (ed.)
The New Economy and Beyond: Past, Present and Future,
14. [N] "Vertical
Leverage and the Sacrifice Principle: Why The Supreme Court Got Trinko
Wrong,"
15. [F] [N] "A Parimutuel
Market Microstructure for Contingent Claims Trading," (jointly with
Jeffrey Lange), European Financial Management, vol. 11, no.1, (2005),
pp. 25-49.
16. [N]
"The
Economics of the Internet Backbone," in Handbook of
Telecommunications.
17. [N] "Telecommunications
Regulation: An Introduction," in Richard R. Nelson (ed.) The Limits and Complexity of Organizations,
18. [N]
"US
Telecommunications Today, October 2002," IS Management Handbook
Brown, Carol V. and Topi, Heikki (eds.),
19. [N] "The Tragic
Inefficiency of M-ECPR," A. Shampine (ed.) Down to the Wire:
Studies in the Diffusion and Regulation of Telecommunications Technologies.
20. [N]
"Dial
'C' for Competition," SternBusiness, Fall 2003.
21. [N] "Comment
of Nicholas S. Economides on the Revised Proposed Final Judgment in United
States v. Microsoft,"
22. [N] "The
Microsoft Antitrust Case," Journal of Industry, Competition and
Trade: From Theory to Policy, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 7-39 (August 2001), lead
article.
23. [N] "The
Microsoft Antitrust Case: Rejoinder," Journal of Industry,
Competition and Trade: From Theory to Policy, vol. 1, no. 1, pp.71-79
(August 2001).
24. [N] "
25. [F] [N] "The
Impact of the Internet on Financial Markets," Journal of Financial
Transformation, vol. 1, no. 1 (2001), pp. 8-13.
26. [N] "Coming
Apart, Coming Together: The AT&T Breakup (Round Three) and the
Remonopolization of Telecommunications," SternBusiness, Spring / Summer 2001.
27. [N] "Durable Goods
Monopoly with Network Externalities with Application to the PC Operating
Systems Market," Quarterly Journal of Electronic Commerce, vol.
1, no. 3 (2000).
28. [N]
"The Real
Losers in the Microsoft Anti-Trust Case," SternBusiness,
Spring/Summer 2000.
29. [L] "Quality
Choice and Vertical Integration," International Journal of
Industrial Organization, vol. 17 (1999), pp. 903-914.
30. [N] "The Telecommunications
Act of 1996 and its Impact,"
31. [N] "Comment
on 'A Note on N. Economides: The Incentive for Non-Price Discrimination by an
Input Monopolist' by Mats Bergman," International Journal of
Industrial Organization, vol. 18 (2000), pp. 989-991.
32. [N] "US Telecommunications
Today, April 1999," Handbook of IS Management 2000, Carol V.
Brown (ed.),
33. [N]
"Real Options and the
Costs of the Local Telecommunications Network," in The
New Investment Theory of Real Options and its Implications for Cost Models in
Telecommunications, James Alleman and Eli Noam (eds.), Kluwer, 1999.
34. [F] "Federal
Deposit Insurance: Economic Efficiency or Politics?" Regulation,
vol. 22, no. 3 (September 1999) (with R. Glenn Hubbard and Darius Palia).
35. [N] "The
Incentive for Non-Price Discrimination by an Input Monopolist," International
Journal of Industrial Organization vol. 16 (May 1998), pp. 271-284.
36. [L] "The Max-Min-Min
Principle of Product Differentiation," Journal of Regional Science vol.
38 (1998), pp. 207-230 (with Asim Ansari and Joel Steckel).
37. [N]
"Equilibrium Coalition Structures in Markets for Network Goods," Annales
d'Economie et de Statistique vol. 49/50 (1998),
pp. 361-380 (with Fredrick Flyer).
38. [N] "The Inefficiency of
the ECPR Yet Again: A Reply to Larson," The Antitrust Bulletin,
vol. XLIII, no. 2, pp. 429-444 (with
39. [N]
"Competition
and Vertical Integration in the Computing Industry," in Competition,
Innovation, and the Role of Antitrust in the Digital Marketplace, Jeffrey
A. Eisenach and Thomas M. Lenard (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
40. [N] "U.S.
Telecommunications Today," Business Economics, vol. XXXIII, no.
2 (April 1998), pp. 7-13.
41. "Trademarks," in
The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and
the Law,
42. [F] [N] [L] "The Economics of
Networks, " International Journal of
Industrial Organization, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 673-699 (October 1996).
43. [F] [L] "The
Political Economy of Branching Restrictions and Deposit Insurance: A Model of
Monopolistic Competition of Small and Large Banks," Journal of
Law and Economics vol. XXXIX (October 1996), pp. 667-704 (with R. Glenn
Hubbard and Darius Palia).
44. [N] "Network
Externalities, Complementarities, and Invitations to Enter," European
Journal of Political Economy vol. 12, (1996), pp. 211-232.
45. [F] [N] [L] "Special
Issue on Network Economics: Business Conduct and Market Structure," International
Journal of Industrial Organization, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 669-671 (October
1996).
46. [N] Regulatory Pricing Policies
to Neutralize Network Dominance," Industrial and Corporate Change,
vol. 5, no. 4, (1996), pp. 1013-1028 (with Giuseppe Lopomo and Glenn Woroch).
47. [F] [N] "One-Way
Networks, Two-Way Networks, Compatibility, and Public Policy," with
48. [F] [N] "Equity
Trading Practices and Market Structure: Assessing Asset Managers' Demand for
Immediacy," Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments,
vol. 4, no. 4, (November 1995) pp. 1-46 (with Robert A. Schwartz).
49. [N] "Access
and Interconnection Pricing: How Efficient is the 'Efficient Component Pricing Rule'?," Antitrust Bulletin vol. XL, no. 3,
pp. 557-579 (1996), (with Lawrence J. White).
50. [F] [N] "Electronic
Call Market Trading," Journal of Portfolio Management, vol. 21,
no. 3, pp. 10-18, (Spring 1995) (with Robert Schwartz).
51. [F] [N] "Critical Mass and
Network Evolution in Telecommunications," with Charles Himmelberg, Toward
a Competitive Telecommunications Industry: Selected Papers from the 1994
Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Gerard Brock (ed.), 1995.
52. [N] "The
Quality of Complex Systems and Industry Structure," with Bill Lehr, in
William Lehr (ed.), Quality and Reliability of Telecommunications
Infrastructure. Hillsdale:
53. [F] [N] "How to Enhance Market
Liquidity," in R. Schwartz (ed.) Global Equity Markets,
54. [F] [N] Making the Trade: Equity
Trading Practices and Market Structure, TraderForum,
Institutional Investor (with Robert Schwartz).
55. [F] [N] "Commentary on
Antitrust Economics of Credit Card Networks," Federal Reserve Bank
of
56. [L] "Competitive
Positioning with Non-Uniform Preferences," Marketing Science,
vol. 13, no. 3, (Summer 1994), pp. 248-273 (with Asim Ansari and Avijit Ghosh).
57. [F] [N] "Networks
and Compatibility: Implications for Antitrust," European Economic
Review, vol. 38, (March 1994), pp. 651-662 (with
58. "Comments
on 'Ranking Alternative Trade-Restricting Policies Under
Duopoly', by Jota Ishikawa,"
59. "Quantity
Leadership and Social Inefficiency," International Journal of
Industrial Organization, vol. 11, no. 2, (1993), pp. 219-237.
60. [L] "Quality
Variations in the Circular Model of Differentiated Products," Regional
Science and Urban Economics, vol. 23, no. 2 (1993), pp. 235-257.
61. [L] "Hotelling's
'Main Street' With More Than Two Competitors," (1993), Journal of
Regional Science, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 303-319.
62. [F] [N] "Network Economics
with Application to Finance," Financial Markets, Institutions &
Instruments, vol. 2, no. 5, (December 1993), pp. 89-97.
63. [L] "Differentiated
Public Goods: Privatization and Optimality," (1993), with Susan
Rose-Ackerman, in Does Economic Space Matter? Essays in Honour of Melvin L.
Greenhut, edited by H. Ohta & J.-F. Thisse.
64. [N] "A Monopolist's
Incentive to Invite Competitors to Enter in Telecommunications Services,"
in Gerard Pogorel (ed.), Global Telecommunications Strategies and
Technological Changes, pp. 227-239,
65. [F] Proposal to the Bank of
Greece on the Organization of Primary and Secondary Markets in Greek State
Bills, Notes, and Bonds.
66. [N] "Competition
and Integration Among Complements, and Network Market
Structure," Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. XL, no. 1 (1992),
pp. 105-123 (with Steven C. Salop).
67. [F] [N] "Liquidity
and Markets," in The New Palgrave
Dictionary of Finance,
68. [F] [N] [L] "Compatibility
and the Creation of Shared Networks," in Electronic Services
Networks: A Business and Public Policy Challenge, edited by Margaret Guerin-Calvert
and Steven Wildman, Praeger Publishing Inc., New York: 1991.
69. [N] "Desirability
of Compatibility in the Absence of Network Externalities," American
Economic Review, vol. 79, (December 1989), no. 5, pp. 1165-1181.
70. [L] "Symmetric
Equilibrium Existence and Optimality in Differentiated Products Markets,"
Journal of Economic Theory, vol. 47, no.1 (1989), pp. 178-194.
71. [L] "Quality
Variations and Maximal Product Differentiation," Regional Science
and Urban Economics, vol. 19, (1989), pp. 21-29.
72. [F] [N] [L] "The
Division of Markets is Limited by the Extent of Liquidity," with A.
Siow, American Economic Review, vol. 78, no. 1 (March 1988), pp.
108-121.
73. "The
Economics of Trademarks," Trademark Reporter, vol. 78,
(July-August 1988), pp. 523-539.
74. [L] "On
Nash Equilibrium Existence and Optimality in Oligopolistic Competition in
Prices and Varieties," Greek Economic Review, vol. 9, no. 2
(1987), pp. 198-209.
75. [L] "Nash
Equilibrium Existence in Duopoly with Products Defined by Two
Characteristics," Rand Journal of Economics, vol. 17, no. 3
(1986), pp. 431-439.
76. "Stable
Cartels," with M.P. Donsimoni and H.M. Polemarchakis, International
Economic Review, vol. 22, no. 2 (1986), pp. 317-327.
77. [L] "Minimal
and Maximal Product Differentiation in Hotelling's Duopoly," Economics
Letters, vol. 21 (1986), pp. 67-71.
78. [F] "The
Pareto-Optimal Design of Term Life Insurance Contracts," with D. F.
Babbel, Scandinavian Actuarial Journal, (1985), pp. 49-63.
79. [L] "Existence
of Equilibrium in Price-Quality Competition," Greek Economic
Review, vol. 7, no. 2 (1985), pp. 179-186.
80. [L] "The
Principle of Minimum Differentiation Revisited," European Economic
Review, vol. 24, (1984), pp. 345-368.
81. [L] "Do
Increases in Preference Diversity (Across Countries) Induce Increases in Trade?
An Affirmative Example," Journal of International Economics,
vol. 17 (1984), pp. 375-381.
82. [F] "The
Demand for Life Insurance: An Application of the Economics of Uncertainty:
Comments," Journal of Finance, vol. 37, no. 5 (1982), pp.
1305-1309.
83. [L] Oligopoly in
Markets for Products Differentiated by their Characteristics, Ph.D.
dissertation, University of
84. [N] [L] "Unbundling
Music: The Effect of Online Selling of Individual Songs on Prices," (with
Sherif Nasser), September 2007, mimeo.
85. [N]
"Competition
Policy Issues in the Consumer Payments Industry, "
NET Institute Working Paper #08-39 (October 2008).
86. [N] [L] "Net
Neutrality on the Internet: A Two-sided Market Analysis," (with Joacim
Tag), NET Institute Working Paper #07-14, September 2007.
87. [N]
[F] "Nonbanks
in the Payments System: Vertical Integration Issues," NET Institute
Working Paper #07-06 (August 2007).
88. [N] "Pricing
of Complementary Goods and Network Effects," (with V. Brian Viard), NET
Institute Working Paper (October 2007).
89. [N]
"Dynamic Duopoly with Network Effects" (with Matt Mitchell
and Andrzej
Skrzypacz), mimeo.
90. [N] "The
Incentive for Vertical Integration," NET Institute Working Paper
#05-01, January 2005.
91. [L] "Does it Pay to be First? Sequential Locational Choice and
Foreclosure" (jointly with Jamie Howell and Sergio Meza)
92. [N]
"Quality Choice in Markets with Network Effects," (with Cristian
Dezso), mimeo.
93. [N] "Standards
Coalitions Formation and Market Structure in Network Industries,"
(with Andrzej
Skrzypacz) Working Paper no. EC-03-08,
94. [N] "The
Microsoft Antitrust Case: A
Case Study For MBA Students,"
mimeo.
95. [N] "Market Structure in Network
Industries," mimeo.
96. [N]
"Raising Rivals
Costs in Complementary Goods Markets: LECs Entering into Long Distance and
Microsoft Bundling Internet Explorer," Discussion Paper EC-98-03,
Stern
97. [N] "Compatibility and
Market Structure for Network Goods," Discussion Paper EC-98-02,
98. [N] "Critical Mass and
Network Size with Application to the US Fax Market," Discussion Paper
no. EC-95-11,
99. "Monopolistic
Competition with Two-Part Tariffs," with Steven S. Wildman.
100.
"The
Incentive of a Multiproduct Monopolist to Provide All Goods," Discussion
Paper EC-95-09, Stern
101.
[N] "Principles of
Interconnection: A Response to 'Regulation of Access to Vertically-Integrated
Natural Monopolies," submitted to the New Zealand Ministry of
Commerce.
102.
[F] [N] "Equilibrium
Fee Schedules in a Monopolist Call Market," with Jeff Heisler,
Discussion Paper no. EC-94-15,
103.
[N] "Mixed
Bundling in Duopoly," Discussion Paper EC-93-29, Stern
104.
[N] "Benefits and Pitfalls
of Network Interconnection," with Glenn Woroch, Discussion Paper no.
EC-92-31,
105.
[N] [L] "Compatibility
and Market Structure," Discussion Paper EC-91-16, Stern
106.
[F]
"Co-existence of Call and Continuous Markets," with Jeff Heisler, mimeo.
107.
[N] "Market
Structure of Broadband and Multimedia Services on the Information
Superhighway," with David Salant, mimeo.
108.
[L] "The
Benefits of Franchising and Vertical Disintegration in Markets for Locationally
Differentiated Products," mimeo.
109.
[N] "Variable
Compatibility Without Network Externalities,"
Discussion Paper No. 157, Center for Economic Policy Research, Department of
Economics,
110.
"The Choice
of Strategy Space in Duopoly," mimeo.
111.
[L] "A Simple
Model of Trade in Differentiated Products,"
112.
"One-sided
and Two-sided Commitments," Discussion Paper No. 337, Department of Economics,
113.
"Equilibrium
Coalition Structures," Discussion Paper No. 273,
114.
"Stable Open
Shop Unions," Discussion Paper No. 247,
C. WORK IN PROGRESS1. The Economics of Compatibility, Add-ons, Adapters and Interfaces
2. Liquidity and the Demand for Immediacy in Financial Transactions
3. Vertical Relations; Complementary Goods; Franchising
4. Product Quality and Variety, Entry, and Welfare Considerations
5. Endogenous Formation of Markets
6. Bundling
7. Two-Part Tariffs, and other Non-Linear Pricing Schemes
8. Patents and antitrust
Ph.D. students supervised while at Stern (graduated):
References are available upon request.
Advisor to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the governments of Greece, Ireland, New Zealand, and Portugal, Attorneys General of several States, major telecommunications corporations, a number of the Federal Reserve Banks, the Bank of Greece, and major Financial Exchanges. Advisory Board, Economist Intelligence Unit. List of cases where I have served as an expert on antitrust, regulatory, and public policy matters or is available upon request.
J. RECENT ARTICLES, TELEVISION, AND RADIO PROGRAMS WITH QUOTES OF NICHOLAS ECONOMIDES ON ANTITRUST, TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND OTHER ISSUES ON THE ECONOMICS OF NETWORKS
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Electronic_Engineering_Times_9_20_2007.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Jerusalem_Post_Sept_18_2007.mht
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/FT_Sept_18_2007.mht
http://www.businessweek.com/print/globalbiz/content/sep2007/gb20070917_608668.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/InformationWeek_ Sept_17_2007_files.mht
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Bloomberg_Sept_17_2007
newer.mht
http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061101/BUSINESS/311010002/1003
http://www.smartmoney.com/onedaywonder/index.cfm?story=20060713
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Economides_Interview_WNYU_04052006.mp3
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Business_Week_3_10_2006.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Bloomberg_Radio_Economides_7_26_05.mp3
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/AFP_May_26_2005.htm
http://news.enquirer.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050129/BIZ01/501290353/1076
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/WSJ_December_23_2004.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/WSJ_Europe_December_23_2004.pdf
http://www.nypost.com/business/37018.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Philadelphia_Inquirer_December_23_2004.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Seattle_Post_Intelligencer_December_23_2004.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Bloomberg_December_22_2004.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Bloomberg_Radio_12222004_Economides.mp3
http://www.crn.com/sections/breakingnews/breakingnews.jhtml?articleId=56200032
http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/afp/20041222/ts_alt_afp/usitmicrosoftcompany_041222194914
http://www.eet.com/sys/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=56200008
http://www.varbusiness.com/components/weblogs/article.jhtml?articleId=56200032
http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/opinion/201593_internet30.html?searchpagefrom=1&searchdiff=1
http://sterntv.stern.nyu.edu:8080/ramgen/faculty/economides/113004-neconomi-cnbc.rm
http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=51201322
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Internet%20TMCnet.com%20.pdf
http://w4.stern.nyu.edu/news/news.cfm?doc_id=3217
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/CNETNews-Economides10-7-04.pdf
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/Bloomberg_August_19_2003.html
http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?site=lightreading&doc_id=57719
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/WWD.html
http://www.crn.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=22103155&flatPage=true
http://www.thestreet.com/_tscs/tech/ronnaabramson/10167767_3.html
http://www.washtimes.com/op-ed/20040326-090017-9352r.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Financial_Times_March_25_2004.htm
http://www.eubusiness.com/afp/040324175058.axrgz6ou
http://apbroadcast.com/AP+Broadcast/Radio/default.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Economides_on_Bloomberg_Radio_March_24_2004.mp3
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/Sunday_Times_March_21_2004.pdf
http://news.com.com/2030-1012-5176062.html
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Investors_Business_Daily_March_18_2004.htm
http://www.telecomweb.com/news/1079549726.htm
http://www.opinionjournal.com/best/?id=110004750
http://www.npr.org/dmg/dmg.html?prgCode=DAY&showDate=13-Nov-2003&segNum=10&NPRMediaPref=WM
http://www.sacbee.com/content/business/story/7657370p-8597531c.html
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Telecom_Policy_Report_10_15_2003.pdf
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Bloomberg_10_6_2003.html
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Nightly_Business_Report_9_26_2003.htm
http://sterntv.stern.nyu.edu:8080/ramgen/faculty/economides/economidesNightlyBusinessReport.rm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/LA_Times_9_2_2003.htm
http://www.sacbee.com/content/business/story/7272298p-8217096c.html
http://news.mysanantonio.com/story.cfm?xla=saen&xlc=1043464
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/Bloomberg_August_21_2003.html
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/WSJ_August_8_2003.htm
http://www.bayarea.com/mld/mercurynews/business/6477942.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/News/news/2003/june/0630bloom.html
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/NYSun_05232003.pdf
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/CNNfn_March_14_2003.htm
http://sterntv.stern.nyu.edu:8080/ramgen/faculty/economides/economides_CNNFN.rm
http://www.sacbee.com/content/politics/story/5039925p-6047770c.html
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/AFP_11_1_2002.html
http://crn.channelsupersearch.com/news/crn/38273.asp
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/summit.html
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/WSJ_November_2_2001
http://www.thestreet.com/tech/software/10003440.html
http://crn.channelsupersearch.com/news/crn/30888.asp
http://sg.news.yahoo.com/011023/1/1kzwv.html
http://crn.channelsupersearch.com/news/crn/30775.asp
http://sg.news.yahoo.com/011016/1/1kj0e.html
http://www.crn.com/Sections/BreakingNews/BreakingNews.asp?ArticleID=30217
http://www.crn.com/Components/Search/Article.asp?ArticleID=29963
http://www.crn.com/Components/Search/Article.asp?ArticleID=29731
http://www.crn.com/Components/Search/Article.asp?ArticleID=29669
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/The_Dallas_Morning_News_September_7_2001.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/AFP_September_6_2001.html
http://www.bloomberg.com/radio/index.html
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotes/AFP_August_17_2001.htm
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/quotesAFP_August_17_2001.html
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