# Getting Serious About Sanctions-Busting Banks

1 Opinion June 26, 2014 The Wall Street Journal ![Roy C. Smith and Ingo Walter](/sites/default/files/styles/246w/public/assets/images/Smith-and-Walter_article.jpg?itok=RWQsa5fW) By Roy Smith and Ingo Walter > Sanctions that restrict access to the dollar market can be very burdensome for targeted countries, particularly those with mineral resources that need to be sold abroad.

BNP Paribas is expected any day to admit to criminal \*violations of U.S. sanctions against Iran and Sudan. This is likely to mean that the giant French bank will pay a fine of between $8 billion and $10 billion to the U.S. government, dismiss several executives, and temporarily cease its dollar-clearing business. The case has dramatically elevated the liability of global banks to the regulatory enforcement of U.S. law.

Trade and financial sanctions have long had a place in international affairs—from the high-profile sanctions applied to South Africa under apartheid to their increasing use as a substitute for military intervention in countries including Iraq, Libya, Iran, Cuba, Sudan and most recently Russia, where they are pending. They've attempted to discourage countries from building nuclear weapons, abusing human rights or invading their neighbors. Such sanctions, however, have been controversial because they have appeared to lack the cohesion and determination of allies to make them work effectively.

The U.S. prosecution of a major international bank for evading sanctions has changed the game. BNP allegedly stripped out identifying information from wire transfers to disguise sanctioned countries as origins or destinations of international payments. By raising the cost of violating the rules to significant levels, the Justice Department has ensured that U.S. sanctions will be complied with and effective.

Read full article as published in [The Wall Street Journal](http://online.wsj.com/articles/roy-smith-and-ingo-walter-getting-serious-about-sanctions-busting-banks-1403823813)

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*Roy Smith is the Kenneth G. Langone Professor of Entrepreneurship and Finance and a Professor of Management Practice. Ingo Walter is the Seymour Milstein Professor of Finance, Corporate Governance and Ethics.* ###  More Opinions from Roy Smith

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###  More Opinions by Ingo Walter

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